What is the role of polydeoxyribonucleotide (pdrn) in wound healing?

 Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is emerging as a promising bioactive molecule in the fields of wound healing and tissue regeneration. Derived primarily from DNA fragments, PDRN exerts its therapeutic effects mainly through the activation of adenosine A2A receptors, which in turn stimulate the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and modulate the inflammatory cascade. These combined actions promote angiogenesis, enhance collagen synthesis, and support cellular proliferation – all of which are critical for effective tissue repair. Recent developments underscore its potential not only for accelerating the healing of acute and chronic wounds but also for improving outcomes in regenerative medicine applications, such as the restoration of ischaemic tissues and even the amelioration of degenerative joint conditions.

Understanding PDRN

PDRN or Polydeoxyribonucleotide, is a naturally occurring molecule derived from salmon DNA. It has garnered significant attention in aesthetic medicine and cosmetic fields due to its regenerative properties. PDRN works at a cellular level, promoting tissue repair, enhancing wound healing and revitalizing the skin by stimulating cell growth and proliferation.

PDRN has been studied for various therapeutic purposes, particularly for tissue repair, skin regeneration, and chronic wound management. It exerts its biological effects mainly through two mechanisms:

Activation of adenosine A2A receptors, leading to anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects.

Stimulation of the salvage pathway, providing nucleotides for DNA synthesis and cell proliferation.

Mechanisms of Action

Cellular Regeneration: PDRN activates adenosine receptors, which play a crucial role in cellular metabolism and tissue regeneration. This activation leads to increased fibroblast activity, enhancing collagen synthesis and promoting the repair of damaged skin.

Angiogenesis: One of the most notable effects of PDRN is its ability to stimulate angiogenesis—the formation of new blood vessels. This process is vital for supplying nutrients and oxygen to the skin, accelerating healing and improving overall skin vitality.

Anti-Inflammatory Properties: PDRN exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by modulating inflammatory cytokines. This property is particularly beneficial in reducing redness, swelling and irritation, resulting in a calmer and more balanced skin appearance.

DNA Repair: As a nucleotide, PDRN contributes to DNA repair mechanisms, ensuring the integrity of genetic material and supporting the natural regenerative processes of the skin.

The graph below shows the total number of publications each year in Polydeoxyribonucleotide Applications in Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration.

How does PDRN benefit the skin?

Collagen Production: PDRN stimulates fibroblasts, the cells responsible for producing collagen and elastin in the skin. Collagen is crucial for maintaining skin elasticity and firmness, reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

Improves Skin Texture: By enhancing cellular metabolism and promoting tissue regeneration, PDRN helps improve overall skin texture. It can reduce roughness, smooth out uneven areas, and impart a more youthful appearance.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects: PDRN has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties, which can help calm irritated skin and reduce redness. This makes it suitable for sensitive skin types as well.

Hydration and Elasticity: Enhanced hydration is another benefit of PDRN. It improves skin moisture retention and elasticity, resulting in a plumper and more supple complexion.

 

 

Which Parts Can Be Treated With Pdrn?

* face - to improve appearance of the face, area around eyes.

*neck & decolletage - pdrn injections help to reduce wrinkles and fine lines on neck and décolletage area.

*scalp - pdrn bio-stimulating properties make it useful treatment for scalp issues like hair loss and thinning.

 *abdomen & thighs - pdrn used to reduce cellulite and improve skin texture on abdomen and thighs.

 

Applications of PDRN in Wound Healing

1. Diabetic Foot Ulcers

 

Diabetic ulcers are notoriously difficult to treat due to impaired angiogenesis and poor immune responses. Clinical trials have demonstrated that PDRN significantly accelerates healing in diabetic foot ulcers by enhancing angiogenesis and reducing inflammation. Patients treated with PDRN showed faster ulcer size reduction compared to standard care.

2. Burn Injuries

Burn wounds often require rapid re-epithelialization to prevent infections and scarring. Studies indicate that PDRN promotes epithelial cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and angiogenesis, thereby accelerating burn wound closure and improving skin quality post-healing.

3. Post-surgical Wounds

PDRN has been tested in post-surgical settings, particularly after cosmetic and reconstructive procedures. Its ability to reduce inflammation and promote collagen deposition leads to improved scar appearance and reduced recovery time.

4. Chronic Wounds and Pressure Ulcers

Elderly and immobile patients often suffer from chronic wounds such as pressure ulcers. PDRN’s regenerative and angiogenic effects support healing in such cases, even where conventional therapies fail. Clinical reports suggest significant improvements in wound closure and tissue regeneration.

5. Ischemic Conditions

In conditions where blood flow is compromised (such as peripheral artery disease), PDRN helps by promoting angiogenesis and tissue repair. This makes it a valuable therapeutic option beyond dermatology, extending into vascular and regenerative medicine.

 

 

Conclusion

 

Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) has emerged as a powerful bioactive compound in wound healing and regenerative medicine. By activating the adenosine A2A receptor, stimulating angiogenesis, promoting fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis, and supplying nucleotides through the DNA salvage pathway, PDRN accelerates tissue repair in acute and chronic wounds. Clinical evidence strongly supports its effectiveness in diabetic ulcers, burns, surgical wounds, and ischemic conditions.

As research advances, PDRN may become a cornerstone in modern wound care and regenerative medicine, offering hope for patients struggling with difficult-to-heal wounds.

 

References

[1] Therapeutic effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide in an in vitro neuronal model of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Scientific Reports (2023).

[2] Polydeoxyribonucleotide ameliorates IL-1β-induced impairment of chondrogenic differentiation in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Scientific Reports (2024).

[3] An injectable hyaluronic acid-Polydeoxyribonucleotides (HA-PDRN) crosslinked hydrogel as a dermal filler. European Polymer Journal (2024).