What is Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ)?

Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) is a small aromatic molecule found in various foods and even in our bodies. Scientists classify PQQ as a nutrient that helps with energy production and protection against cell damage. It plays a crucial role in our body's energy management and defense systems. 

In 1979, Japanese chemist Tatsuo Sakamoto, while conducting similar research, used a new extraction method to extract PQQ from a fermented food (Amami Ōshima's black vinegar). In the late 1980s, it was discovered that PQQ is not only an antioxidant but also stimulates the growth and metabolism of microorganisms and promotes cell energy production. These findings garnered widespread attention in the scientific community.

 

Biological functions of PQQ

The biological functions of PQQ primarily focus on two main aspects: firstly, it acts like a mitochondrial vitality booster, supporting the growth and development of mitochondria and stimulating rapid growth of human cells. Secondly, it has excellent antioxidant properties, helping to eliminate free radicals and reduce cell damage. These two functions enable it to play a powerful role in brain health, cardiovascular health, and metabolic function health.

In the skincare field, PQQ has strong antioxidant properties that effectively eliminate free radicals, delay skin aging, and promote collagen production to enhance skin elasticity and improve skin texture. Additionally, some studies suggest that it may promote skin repair and regeneration, including accelerated wound healing, reduced inflammatory responses, and increased self-repair capabilities of the skin.

 

The Benefits of PQQ in Skincare

PQQ has many functions and potential benefits in skin care. Science on this ingredient is still developing, but for now, some of the most notable skin care benefits of PQQ are:

1. Powerful Antioxidant - PQQ acts as a powerful antioxidant, which means it protects your cells from damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can harm cells, leading to aging and various skin problems. By neutralizing these harmful molecules, PQQ helps keep your skin looking youthful and healthy. Studies have shown that PQQ can neutralize a wide range of free radicals, including those generated by UV radiation and pollution.
2. Boosts Cellular Energy - PQQ helps increase the number of mitochondria in cells. Mitochondria are responsible for producing energy (ATP) in cells. More mitochondria mean more energy, which helps skin cells repair themselves faster and stay healthy. This can result in a brighter and healthier complexion. PQQ activates certain genes that promote mitochondrial biogenesis, leading to increased energy production within the skin cells.
3. Reduces Inflammation -Inflammation can cause redness, swelling, and discomfort in the skin. PQQ has anti-inflammatory properties that help reduce these symptoms. PQQ reduces inflammation by lowering the levels of molecules that promote inflammation, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). This makes it beneficial for people with conditions like acne and rosacea.
4. Improves Skin Barrier - The skin barrier is like a wall that keeps moisture in and harmful substances out. PQQ strengthens this barrier by promoting the production of ceramides and other lipids that are essential for maintaining a healthy skin barrier. This helps your skin stay hydrated and protected against environmental damage like pollution and UV rays. Improved skin barrier function reduces transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and enhances overall skin hydration.

 

PQQ Side effects

While PQQ is generally safe, some people might experience mild side effects like stomach discomfort or headaches, especially if they take high oral doses. These side effects are rare, but it’s always a good idea to start with a small amount and see how your body reacts.

Organizations like the National Institute of Health also classify Pyrroloquinoline quinone as a safe ingredient in skin care

PQQ Supplements

PQQ is available in supplement form and can be taken orally. Studies show that taking PQQ supplements can improve various health markers, including reducing inflammation and boosting mitochondrial function. For skin benefits, typical doses range from 10 to 20 mg per day. However, it’s best to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement to ensure it’s right for you.

PQQ vs CoQ10

Both PQQ and CoQ10 are popular for their skin benefits, but they have some subtle differences. These differences include:

1. Structure and Function - PQQ helps create new mitochondria, while CoQ10 helps existing mitochondria work better. Think of PQQ as increasing the number of energy factories in your cells, while CoQ10 improves the efficiency of the existing factories.
2. Antioxidant power - Both PQQ and CoQ10 are powerful antioxidants. However, PQQ is often highlighted for its ability to neutralize a broader range of free radicals more effectively. CoQ10 is still excellent for protecting skin cells from oxidative stress and is widely used in skin care for its proven benefits.
3. Mitochondrial support - While both PQQ and CoQ10 support mitochondrial health, PQQ’s ability to create new mitochondria gives it an edge in boosting overall cellular energy. This increased energy production helps skin cells stay healthy and repair themselves more effectively.
4. Overall Benefits - Both PQQ and CoQ10 can improve skin health. PQQ’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties make it effective for protecting against environmental damage and calming irritated skin. CoQ10 is well-known for maintaining skin collagen and reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by supporting energy production in skin cells.

Which skin types can use PQQ?

The Baumann Skin Typing System classifies skin into 16 different types based on skin barrier function, sensitivity, aging, and pigmentation. Here’s who can benefit the most from PQQ:

1. Dry skin Types - By aiding in the synthesis of essential lipids like ceramides, this ingredient can help dry skin types hold on to the moisture already in their skin.
2. Sensitive Skin Types - Since this ingredient shuts down certain inflammation pathways, it is a good choice as a soothing, anti-inflammatory ingredient for sensitive skin types.
3. Wrinkle Prone Skin Types - Wrinkle prone skin types can benefit from the antioxidant and cell energizing properties of PQQ. While it won't halt aging, it can play a supporting role in the right anti-aging regimen.​​​​​​​

 

Conclusion

Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) is a remarkable ingredient with a wide range of benefits for skin care. From its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties to its unique ability to support mitochondrial health, PQQ can significantly enhance skin health and appearance. Whether you have dry, sensitive, or aging skin, PQQ could be the ingredient that makes a noticeable difference in your routine. Always remember to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement and consider taking the Baumann Skin Type quiz to find out if PQQ is a good fit for your skin’s specific needs.